Press releases may contain information regarding programs, policies, regulation, rules, or fees of DWR and are current at the date of release. Information beyond that date is subject to change. Please contact DWR for further inquiries.
Red Fox Tests Positive for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Loudoun County
First known case in a mammal in the Commonwealth
Richmond, VA — Preliminary testing indicates that a red fox transported to the Blue Ridge Wildlife Center from the town of Hamilton in Loudoun County was infected with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). The red fox arrived at the wildlife rehabilitation facility on March 31 and presented with neurologic symptoms consistent with rabies. Due to its condition, the fox was humanely euthanized to test for the disease as well as other possibilities. Rabies test results are still pending.
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, since 2022 HPAI virus detections in mammals have been reported in more than 30 states, including from numerous wild species, zoological collections, dairy cows, and outdoor domestic cats. Wild mammals are likely infected by preying or scavenging on infected birds. HPAI infection in wild mammals can result in neurologic symptoms that mimic other infectious diseases, notably rabies and canine distemper.
The Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR) would like to remind residents across the Commonwealth to never interact with wild animals and to give them a respectful amount of space if you encounter them. Keep pet food indoors, and do not feed wildlife. In addition, keep pets on leash or contained when outdoors to prevent exposure to birds and other wildlife. The American Veterinary Medical Association states that cats appear to be particularly susceptible to severe illness, often resulting in death and notes one way to prevent possible exposure is to keep your cat indoors. For more guidance on pet and human exposure to HPAI, visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention webpage.
If you see a wild animal exhibiting neurologic symptoms (lack of fear of humans, circling or wobbly gait, inability to stand, etc.), please contact your local animal control office or a local wildlife rehabilitator. Do not attempt to handle or capture it. Clusters of sick or dead wild mammals (two or more in the same area), especially in a locality with suspected or confirmed HPAI cases this year, should be reported to the Virginia Wildlife Conflict Helpline at 1-855-571-9003 or email [email protected].
If you must dispose of a dead animal found on your property, wear rubber gloves and other personal protective equipment, including a mask and eye protection. The carcass should be buried or double bagged and disposed of in a covered outdoor trash can or landfill. After disposing of it, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap and water aren’t available. Launder clothing, and shoes after carcass disposal. If you are frequently in contact with poultry, including backyard flocks, or other domesticated birds, you are encouraged to have separate clothing and shoes for use in the areas where you keep those birds. In addition, keep flocks away from wildlife. Taking these precautions will help reduce the risk of spreading the virus.
If you develop any flu-like symptoms (fever, body aches) or red or itchy eyes after handling wildlife, or you are bitten or scratched, contact your local health department and healthcare provider and inform them of your recent exposure.
Again, the public can help DWR monitor this wildlife health issue by reporting incidents of sick or dead wildlife to 1-855-571-9003 or [email protected].